Pharmacokinetics of tildipirosin in beagle dogs

The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tildipirosin (TD) in 24 beagle dogs following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration, respectively, at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg. Plasma samples at certain time points (0–14 days) were collected, and the concentrations of drug were quantified by UPLC‐MS/MS. Plasma concentration–time data and relevant parameters were described by noncompartmental through WinNonlin 6.4 software. After single i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg body weight, mean maximum concentration (C_max) was 412.73 ± 76.01, 1,051 ± 323, and 1,061 ± 352 ng/ml, respectively. Mean time to reach C_max was 0.36 ± 0.2, 0.08 ± 0.00, and 0.13 ± 0.07 hr after i.m. injection at 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. The mean value of T_1/2λz for i.m. administration at doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg was 71.39 ± 28.42, 91 .33 ± 50.02, and 96.43 ± 45.02 hr, respectively. The mean residence times were 63.81 ± 10.96, 35.83 ± 15.13, and 38.18 ± 16.77 hr for doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg, respectively. These pharmacokinetic characteristics after i.m. administration indicated that TD could be rapidly distributed into tissues on account of the high lipid solubility and then released into plasma. In addition, the absolute bioavailability of 2 mg/kg after i.m. injection was 112%. No adverse effects were observed after i.v. and i.m. administration.     

2013年－2015年广西宠物犬流感流行病学调查

针对2013年－2015年广西11个地级市的宠物犬群进行犬流感调查,发现钦州犬流感感染的阳性率高达40％,除百色和玉林外,其余的阳性率在14．29％～34．29％之间,结果表明犬流感在广西呈普遍流行态势。此外,对不同品种、性别和生长阶段的宠物犬感染 CIVs 进行了调查分析。结果发现,任何品种和性别的宠物犬都可以感染犬流感病毒,其中青年阶段（6月龄～2岁）的犬最为易感。2015年的调查中,成年犬（2岁～7岁）成为潜在的易感群体。结果为更好地指导宠物医生采取有效的措施控制疾病发生,从而切断宠物犬作为中间传播者的作用,为防控人类大流感的暴发提供了间接帮助。     

Pet Ownership,Attitude Toward Pets,and Support for Wildlife Management Strategies

Pet ownership affects engagement with animal-related activities and may be related to support of wildlife management. British participants (N = 220) completed an online survey providing information on pet ownership, attitudes toward pets, and support for wildlife management strategies. Within this sample, pet owners and individuals with positive attitudes toward pets were less supportive of strategies that put human needs before the needs of wildlife, more supportive of strategies attempting to avoid species extinctions, and opposed to strategies requiring compromises of individual species. Pet owners’ affectionate attitudes toward animals and opposition to their exploitation may be important in dictating attitudes toward wildlife. Conservation planners could apply these findings when seeking support for management strategies that constrain freedoms of pets and wildlife. Utilizing the sympathetic attitudes of pet owners toward animals by focusing on welfare and survival benefits for wildlife species may help foster support for management strategies.     

RT-PCR检测宠物犬的犬瘟热病毒

为了寻找一种在早期快速准确检测宠物犬犬瘟热病毒(CDV)的方法,从临床上疑似CDV感染犬抗凝血中分离出血淋巴细胞,从中提取总RNA,引用曾在警犬上成功检测到CDV的引物序列,反复摸索RT-PCR反应条件,经凝胶电泳观察到在理论设计处(287 bp)出现了光亮条带,说明已成功地从宠物犬中检测出CDV。表明该引物序列和改良的RT-PCR反应条件适合于检测宠物犬CDV感染。     

西安地区宠物犬真菌性皮肤病的分析研究

皮肤病是危害宠物健康的主要疾病之一。本文通过对西安地区宠物犬门诊收治50例皮肤病的分析,总结犬皮肤病的发病原因、常见病原、发病规律以及治疗效果,为今后宠物犬常见皮肤病的预防提供借鉴。     

Diagnoses and treatments in health-classified fattening herds rearing pigs all in-all out

This study describes diseases encountered, medications used and veterinary involvement in all in--all out finishing herds belonging to one pork production system. The finishing herds had a particular management and housing regime. The pigs originated from health classified farrowing units. Information on 207,442 pigs was collected from 595 log books. Altogether 91% of the pigs received no treatments. Four percent of the batches of pigs were given antimicrobial mass medications. The local veterinarian visited the herds on average 2.6 times during the finishing period and made the diagnoses in more than half of the cases. At least one pig was affected with arthritis or tail biting in more than half of the batches, whereas locomotory diseases were recorded in one third of the batches. All other diagnoses were encountered in 1%-13% of the batches. Only a few pigs were treated individually in the affected groups. Antimicrobial drugs were given to 8% and other medicines to 0.7% of the pigs. The diagnosis was missing at least for one pig in 29% of the batches and the information about the medicine use in 8% of the treatments was missing. The study shows that it is possible to rear finishing pigs with only a small proportion of the animals needing treatments. The need of mass medications was low, because infectious diseases affecting the whole herd were uncommon. The recommendations for antimicrobial use given by the authorities had been followed quite well. The farmers and the veterinarians should be educated in order to realise the importance of proper record keeping.     

Survey of Zoonotic Dermatoses in Client‐Owned Exotic Pet Mammals in Southern Italy

Several ‘exotic’ mammalian species (e.g. rabbits, rodents, ferrets and hedgehogs) live in close proximity to humans as companion pets. Skin diseases (SD) are frequent causes of morbidity in exotic pet mammals, and most of those SDs have a zoonotic potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequencies and types of zoonotic dermatosis (ZD) in client‐owned, exotic pet mammals in Southern Italy. Six‐hundred and fifty‐five medical records of exotic pet mammals examined between 2011 and 2012, across twenty private practice veterinary clinics around the Naples area (Italy), were retrospectively evaluated and screened for animals diagnosed with SDs (rabbits n = 455, guinea pigs n = 93, ferrets n = 64, hedgehogs n = 19, chinchillas n = 13 and rats n = 11). The records of animals diagnosed with SD, whose causative agents had a zoonotic potential, were selected for analysis. The Mann–Whitney independent test was used for statistical analysis. A P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Eighty‐two records (12.5%) of animals with ZD were identified. Of those, 56.1% (46/82) were affected by fungal infections and 42.7% (35/82) by parasitic infections. No zoonotic bacterial or viral infections were diagnosed. Dermatophytosis was significantly diagnosed more frequently in younger animals. The results of this survey indicate that exotic pet mammals may serve as active carriers for many highly contagious pathogens with zoonotic potential. Awareness and vigilance by the veterinary practitioner is crucial in the prevention of occurrences of ZDs. Children frequently come in close contact with exotic pets. To prevent the unplanned transmission of pathogen from pet to human, an active routine screening examination and preventative treatments are strongly recommended for every newly purchased pet mammal.     

Public Health Argument to Retain Current UK National Controls for Tick and Tapeworms Under the Pet Travel Scheme

At present, the European Council is debating whether the current national controls under the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS), which aims to prevent the introduction of rabies and tapeworms or live ticks and their associated diseases into the United Kingdom (UK), should be harmonized amongst European Union (EU) Member States. There is a strong case to support the retention of control measures on human health grounds. Although many are aware of the implications of rabies infection, few realize the risk to the UK population if current tick and tapeworm controls under PETS were to be removed. If this were to occur, there is a risk that a number of diseases of human health importance may be introduced and become established in the UK. Such diseases include alveolar echinococcosis, tick borne encephalitis, tularaemia and Mediterranean spotted fever; all of which are found in other EU Member States but do not occur in the UK. These four diseases are responsible for a significant burden of disease in Europe, and current national controls under PETS have been highly effective in so far preventing their introduction into the UK.     

宠物源大肠杆菌质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药基因流行性检测

【目的】对广州分离得到的宠物源(主要是宠物猫、狗)大肠杆菌进行质粒介导喹诺酮类耐药PMQR基因qnr、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因的流行性检测。【方法】采用琼脂平板稀释法对164株临床分离的宠物源大肠杆菌进行15种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度测定。通过PCR检测qnr、qepA和aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因。建立大肠杆菌基因指纹图谱并对指纹图谱进行分析。【结果】164株宠物源大肠杆菌对12种兽医临床常用抗生素耐药率较高,且表现为多重耐药(5-14 耐)。在164株宠物源大肠杆菌中检测到3个菌株同时携带qnrA、qnrB和qnrS基因,其中2株也携带aac(6′)-Ib-cr基因。阳性菌株均能扩增出指纹图谱,具有两个以上PMQR基因的菌株多分布于B型和C型。【结论】广州市宠物源大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药较为严重,检测结果显示喹诺酮类耐药基因在本市宠物医学临床上传播广泛,PMQR基因的产生能力与其基因型有密切的关系。     

益生菌在宠物中的应用

随着我国宠物数量的增多,宠物粮的需求量也随之增加,其品质将直接影响到宠物的健康与生长发育,这使得宠物粮的品质受到宠物行业的广泛关注。益生菌是一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,能够改善肠道微生态平衡,增强机体免疫力,从而保证宠物健康生长。本文主要总结了益生菌在宠物行业中的应用效果,为其在宠物食品中的应用及其健康生长提供基础。